The relationship between diabetes mellitus and heart rhythm disorders: a focus on common pathophysiological mechanisms and modern treatment strategies.

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Prof. Zhuravlyova L.V., PHD Sokolnikova N.V., PHD Rogachova T.A. 

Kharkiv National Medical University

The aim of this review article is the analysis the latest evidence based scientific data on the pathophysiological association between diabetes mellitus and heart arrhythmias and the most acceptable treatment possibilities for their correction. In recent decades, the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated cardiovascular complications has increased expeditiously. Diabetes mellitus has been proven to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias regardless of the development of coronary heart disease. The pathophysiological link between diabetes mellitus and arrhythmias has been found to include cardiac diabetic autonomic neuropathy, structural and metabolic myocardial remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Chronic hyperglycemia has been shown to increase risk of atrial dibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias in a dose-dependent manner. Intensive treatment with sulfonylureas and insulin is accompanied by episodes of hypoglycemia, which increases the risk of QTc prolongation and life-threatening arrhythmias. Treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (iDPP-4) inhibitors does not reduce the risk of arrhythmias and is not recommended due to the increased risk of heart failure. Metformin effectively and safely reduces risk of arrhythmias in diabetes mellitus type 2. Sodium glucose transporter inhibitors and neprilysin inhibitors are promising medications to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, including arrhythmias, in diabetes mellitus type 2.

Key Words: diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac diabetic autonomic neuropathy, structural and metabolic myocardial remodeling, metformin, sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors, neprilysin inhibitors.

https://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2021.02.022

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  1. Журавльова, Л.В. Взаємозв’язок цукрового діабету і порушень ритму серця: фокус на спільні патофізіологічні механізми і сучасні методи лікування / Л.В. Журавльова,Н.В. Сокольнікова, Т.А. Рогачова // Східноєвропейський журнал внутрішньої та сімейної медицини. – 2021. – № 2. – С. 22-27. doi: 15407/internalmed2021.02.022
  2. Zhuravlyova LV, Sokolnikova NV, Rogachova TA. Vzaiemozviazok tsukrovoho diabetu i porushen rytmu sertsia: fokus na spilni patofiziolohichni mekhanizmy i suchasni metody likuvannia. [The relationship between diabetes mellitus and heart rhythm disorders: a focus on common pathophysiological mechanisms and modern treatment strategies]. Shidnoevr. z. vnutr. simejnoi med. 2021;2:22-27. Ukrainian. doi: 10.15407/internalmed2021.02.022

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