Prof. Z.D. Semidotskaya, prof. T.D. Zvjagintseva*, PHD I.A. Chernyakova, PHD M.Yu. Neffa, A.E. Chernyakova.

Kharkiv State Medical University

*Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.

The article describes the current understanding of the role of the microbial community colonizing the human body (microbiota) in the functioning of all organs and systems of the host (macrobiont), in particular, brain,cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary systems, unity of the microbiota and macrobiont (holobiont). The molecular mechanisms of microbial communication with each other and with the macrobiont, coordination of microbiota behavior, and the possibilities of their use for targeted antimicrobial therapy are discussed. Information is given on the mechanisms of protection against microbial pathogens developed in the process of co-evolution of microorganisms and man, the system of toll-like receptors, the problem of using their agonists in the treatment of infectious and neoplastic diseases. The causes of microbiota damage, the development of dysbiosis, its consequences, among which special attention is paid to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, promising strategies to overcome it, are highlighted.

Key Words: microbiota, holobiont, “feeling of quorum”, toll-like receptors, dysbiosis, antibiotic resistance, therapeutic strategies.

https://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2019.01.004

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