Osteoarthritis: definition, prevalence and diagnostic strategy. The role of bone-cartilage markers in joint condition assessment

Posted on by adminLeave a comment

Prof. L. Pasieshvili, assist. A. Litvinova, assist. A. Golozubova

Kharkiv National Medical University

The document contains current data on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. The disease is very common, and diagnosis by interrogation and X-ray examination were discussed. The results of studies on the role of apelin in adipokines and osteoprotegerin in pathogenesis of the disease are presented.

Key words: osteoarthritis, pathogenesis, diagnosis, apelin, osteoprotegerin.

https://doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2025.01.043

Download.PDF (ukr)

Cite:

Пасієшвілі Л.М., Літвінова А.М., Голозубова О.В. Остеоартрит: дефініція, розповсюдженість та діагностична стратегія. Роль маркерів кістково-хрящової тканини в оцінці стану суглобів /Східноєвропейський журнал внутрішньої та сімейної медицини. – 2025. – № 1. – С. 43-49. doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2025.01.043

Pasieshvili L, Litvinova A, Golozubova О. Osteoarthritis: definition, prevalence and diagnostic strategy. The role of bone-cartilage markers in joint condition assessment. Shidnoevropejskij Zurnal Vnutrisnoi Ta Simejnoi Medicini. 2025(1):43-49. doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2025.01.043

References:

  1. Mehana, E. S. E., Khafaga, A. F., & El-Blehi, S. S. (2019). The role of matrix metalloproteinases in osteoarthritis pathogenesis: An updated review. Life sciences, 234, 116786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116786
  2. Sun, K., Luo, J., Guo, J., Yao, X., Jing, X., & Guo, F. (2020). The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 28(4), 400-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2020.02.027
  3. Roemer, F. W., Demehri, S., Omoumi, P., Link, T. M., Kijowski, R., Saarakkala, S., & Guermazi, A. (2020). State of the art: Imaging of osteoarthritis-Revisited 2020. Radiology, 296(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020192498
  4. Van Spil, W. E., Kubassova, O., Boesen, M., Bay-Jensen, A. C., & Mobasheri, A. (2019). Osteoarthritis phenotypes and novel therapeutic targets. Biochemical pharmacology, 165, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.037
  5. Jang, S., Lee, K., & Ju, J. H. (2021). Recent updates of diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment on osteoarthritis of the knee. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(5), 2619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052619
  6. Біловол, О. М., & Князькова, І. І. (2023). Сучасні тенденції в лікуванні остеоартриту. Ліки України, (2 (268)), 23-27.

 

  1. Thomson, A., & Hilkens, C. M. (2021). Synovial macrophages in osteoarthritis: the key to understanding pathogenesis?. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 678757. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.678757
  2. Driban, J. B., Harkey, M. S., Barbe, M. F., Ward, R. J., MacKay, J. W., Davis, J. E., & McAlindon, T. E. (2020). Risk factors and the natural history of accelerated knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 21, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03367-2
  3. Litvynova, A., & Pasieshvili, L. (2022). Pathogenetic and diagnostic role of osteoprotegerin in the combined course of osteoarthritis and obesity. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.05.022
  4. Jang, S., Lee, K., & Ju, J. H. (2021). Recent updates of diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment on osteoarthritis of the knee. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(5), 2619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052619
  5. Roseveare, D. (2018). World Congress on Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (WCO-IOF ESCEO 2018): Poster Abstracts. Osteoporosis International, 29(1), 149-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4465-1
  6. Zhang, H., Cai, D., & Bai, X. (2020). Macrophages regulate the progression of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 28(5), 555-561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.007
  7. Бур, О. А., & Омельченко, Т. М. (2011). Бур’янов О. А. Лiкування остеоартрозу в рамках доказової медицини. Здоров’я України, (2), 12.
  8. Berenbaum, F., Griffin, T. M., & Liu‐Bryan, R. (2020). Metabolic regulation of inflammation in osteoarthritis. Arthritis & rheumatology, 69(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.39842
  9. Хухліна, О. С., & Танас, О. В. (2016). Особливості метаболізму сполучної тканини та прозапальних цитокінів у пацієнтів з остеоартрозом та коморбідними гіпертонічною хворобою та ожирінням. Здобутки клінічної i експериментальної медицини, 92-94 https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2016.vi2.6254
  10. Molnar, V., Matišić, V., Kodvanj, I., Bjelica, R., Jeleč, Ž., Hudetz, D., & Primorac, D. (2021). Cytokines and chemokines involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(17), 9208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179208
  11. Ma, J., Lam, I. K. Y., Lau, C. S., & Chan, V. S. F. (2021). Elevated interleukin-18 receptor accessory protein mediates enhancement in reactive oxygen species production in neutrophils of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Cells, 10(5), 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10050964
  12. Kiro LS, Zak MY, Chernyshov OV, Nikolenko AE, Iakovenko NO. EATING BEHAVIOUR AND OBESITY GENDER-AGE FEATURES. Wiad Lek. 2021: 74(5): 1114-1119. PMID: 34090274. https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202105112
  13. Allen, K. D., Thoma, L. M., & Golightly, Y. M. (2022). Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 30(2), 184-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.020
  14. Sharma, L. (2021). Osteoarthritis of the knee. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1903768
  15. Mengsteab, P. Y., Otsuka, T., McClinton, A., Shemshaki, N. S., Shah, S., Kan, H. M., & Laurencin, C. T. (2020). Mechanically superior matrices promote osteointegration and regeneration of anterior cruciate ligament tissue in rabbits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(46), 28655-28666. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012347117
  16. Min, H. K., Kim, S., Lee, J. Y., Kim, K. W., Lee, S. H., & Kim, H. R. (2021). IL-18 binding protein suppresses IL-17-induced osteoclastogenesis and rectifies type 17 helper T cell/regulatory T cell imbalance in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of translational medicine, 19, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-03071-2
  17. Cao, F., Xu, Z., Li, X. X., Fu, Z. Y., Han, R. Y., Zhang, J. L., & Pan, H. F. (2024). Trends and cross-country inequalities in the global burden of osteoarthritis, 1990-2019: a population-based study. Ageing research reviews, 102382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102382
  18. Diamond, L. E., Grant, T., & Uhlrich, S. D. (2024). Osteoarthritis year in review 2023: biomechanics. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 32(2), 138-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2023.11.015
  19. Perruccio, A. V., Young, J. J., Wilfong, J. M., Power, J. D., Canizares, M., & Badley, E. M. (2024). Osteoarthritis year in review 2023: Epidemiology & therapy. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 32(2), 159-165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2023.11.012
  20. Collins, K. H., Lenz, K. L., Pollitt, E. N., Ferguson, D., Hutson, I., Springer, L. E., & Guilak, F. (2021). Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of osteoarthritis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(1), e2021096118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021096118
  21. Jiang, Y. (2022). Osteoarthritis year in review 2021: biology. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 30(2), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2021.11.009
  22. Коваленко, В. М., & Борткевич, О. П. (2010). Остеоартроз. Практична настанова.-3-тє вид., доп., зі змінами. К.: Моріон, 2010. – 608 с.
  23. Терешкін, К. І. (2019). Структурно-функціональний стан кісткової тканини у хворих на остеоартроз у взаємозв’язку з плазматичним вмістом апеліну та поліморфізмом гену фарнезіл-дифосфат синтази. Вісник проблем біології і медицини, 1(4), 195-199.
  24. Ihim, S. A., Abubakar, S. D., Zian, Z., Sasaki, T., Saffarioun, M., Maleknia, S., & Azizi, G. (2022). Interleukin-18 cytokine in immunity, inflammation, and autoimmunity: Biological role in induction, regulation, and treatment. Frontiers in Immunology, 4470. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.919973
  25. Chow, Y. Y., & Chin, K. Y. (2020). The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Mediators of inflammation, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8293921
  26. Zheng, L., Zhang, Z., Sheng, P., & Mobasheri, A. (2021). The role of metabolism in chondrocyte dysfunction and the progression of osteoarthritis. Ageing research reviews, 66, 101249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101249
  27. Knorr, J., Kaufmann, B., Inzaugarat, M. E., Holtmann, T. M., Geisler, L., Hundertmark, J., & Wree, A. (2022). Interleukin‐18 signaling promotes activation of hepatic stellate cells in mouse liver fibrosis. Hepatology. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.32776
  28. Molnar, V., Matišić, V., Kodvanj, I., Bjelica, R., Jeleč, Ž., Hudetz, D., & Primorac, D. (2021). Cytokines and chemokines involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(17), 9208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179208
  29. Hirooka, Y., & Nozaki, Y. (2021). Interleukin-18 in inflammatory kidney disease. Frontiers in medicine, 8, 639103. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.639103
  30. Song, S., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., & Fu, D. (2022). Advances in pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 108168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108168
  31. Ogita, A., Ansai, S. I., & Saeki, H. (2022). Serum interleukin-18 provides a clue to the diagnosis of adult-onset Still’s disease: findings from 6 Japanese patients with adult-onset Still’s disease. Journal of Nippon Medical School, 89(1), 114-118. https://doi.org/10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2022_89-114
  32. Wang, L., Yu, W., Yin, X., Cui, L., Tang, S., Jiang, N., & Xia, W. (2021). Prevalence of osteoporosis and fracture in China: the China osteoporosis prevalence study. JAMA Network Open, 4(8), e2121106-e2121106. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21106
  33. Hunter, D. J., March, L., & Chew, M. (2020). Osteoarthritis in 2020 and beyond: a Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 396(10264), 1711-1712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32230-3
  34. Simonet, W. S., Lacey, D. L., Dunstan, C. R., Kelley, M. C. M. S., Chang, M. S., Lüthy, R., & Boyle, W. J. (1997). Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. cell, 89(2), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80209-3
  35. Tobeiha, M., Moghadasian, M. H., Amin, N., & Jafarnejad, S. (2020). RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway: a mechanism involved in exercise-induced bone remodeling. BioMed research international, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6910312
  36. Arafa, E. S. A., Elgendy, N. O., Elhemely, M. A., Abdelaleem, E. A., & Mohamed, W. R. (2023). Diosmin mitigates dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in vivo: Role of Runx2, RANKL/OPG, and oxidative stress. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 161, 114461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114461
  37. Owens, A., Dos Santos, L., Brook, M., Hunt, J., Piasecki, M., & Piasecki, J. (2024). The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. Translational Exercise Biomedicine, (0). https://doi.org/10.1515/teb-2024-0033
  38. Di Cicco, G., Marzano, E., Mastrostefano, A., Pitocco, D., Castilho, R. S., Zambelli, R., & Perisano, C. (2024). The Pathogenetic Role of RANK/RANKL/OPG Signaling in Osteoarthritis and Related Targeted Therapies. Biomedicines, 12(10), 2292. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102292
  39. Khosla, S. (2001). Minireview: The opg/rankl/rank system. Endocrinology, 142(12), 5050-5055. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.12.8536
  40. Simonet, W. S., Lacey, D. L., Dunstan, C. R., Kelley, M. C. M. S., Chang, M. S., Lüthy, R., & Boyle, W. J. (1997). Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. cell, 89(2), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80209-3
  41. Boyce, B. F., & Xing, L. (2007). Biology of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin. Arthritis research & therapy, 9, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2165
  42. Warren, J. T., Zou, W., Decker, C. E., Rohatgi, N., Nelson, C. A., Fremont, D. H., & Teitelbaum, S. L. (2015). Correlating RANK ligand/RANK binding kinetics with osteoclast formation and function. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 116(11), 2476-2483. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.25191
  43. Yndestad, A., Kristian Damås, J., Geir Eiken, H., Holm, T., Haug, T., Simonsen, S., & Aukrust, P. (2002). Increased gene expression of tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic heart failure. Cardiovascular research, 54(1), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(02)00238-9
  44. Ueland, T. (2005). GH/IGF-I and bone resorption in vivo and in vitro. European Journal of Endocrinology, 152(3), 327-332. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.01874
  45. Clara-Altamirano, M. A., Garcia-Ortega, D. Y., Martinez-Said, H., CaroSánchez, C. H. S., Herrera-Gomez, A., & Cuellar-Hubbe, M. (2018). Surgical treatment in bone metastases in the appendicular skeleton. Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition), 62(3), 185-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recote.2017.12.011
  46. Naik, S., Sahu, S., Bandyopadhyay, D., & Tripathy, S. (2021). Serum levels of osteoprotegerin, RANK-L & vitamin D in different stages of osteoarthritis of the knee. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 154(3), 491-496. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_873_19
  47. Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Huang, Z., Chen, X., & Zhang, B. (2022). The roles of osteoprotegerin in cancer, far beyond a bone player. Cell Death Discovery, 8(1), 252. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-022-01042-0
  48. Visconti, V. V., Cariati, I., Fittipaldi, S., Iundusi, R., Gasbarra, E., Tarantino, U., & Botta, A. (2021). DNA methylation signatures of bone metabolism in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis aging-related diseases: an updated review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(8), 4244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084244
  49. Habibie, H., Adhyatmika, A., Schaafsma, D., & Melgert, B. N. (2021). The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in fibrosis: its potential as a biomarker and/or biological target for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 228, 107941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107941
  50. Березин, А. Е. (2015). Протеины внеклеточного матрикса как биомаркеры васкулярного ремоделирования и кардиоваскулярных клинических исходов (обзор литературы). Український медичний часопис, (6), 58-64.
  51. Ostrowska, Z., Ziora, K., Oświęcimska, J., Świętochowska, E., Szapska, B., Wołkowska-Pokrywa, K., & Dyduch, A. (2012). RANKL/RANK/OPG system and bone status in females with anorexia nervosa. Bone, 50(1), 156-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2011.09.054
  52. Zhou, R., Guo, Q., Xiao, Y., Guo, Q., Huang, Y., Li, C., & Luo, X. (2021). Endocrine role of bone in the regulation of energy metabolism. Bone Research, 9(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-021-00142-4
  53. Dutka, M., Bobiński, R., Wojakowski, W., Francuz, T., Pająk, C., & Zimmer, K. (2022). Osteoprotegerin and RANKL-RANK-OPG-TRAIL signalling axis in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Heart Failure Reviews, 27(4), 1395-1411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-021-10153-2
  54. Kadoglou, N. P., Kapetanios, D., Korakas, E., Valsami, G., Tentolouris, N., Papanas, N., & Karkos, C. (2022). Association of serum levels of osteopontin and osteoprotegerin with adverse outcomes after endovascular revascularisation in peripheral artery disease. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 21(1), 171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-022-01605-6
  55. Kamińska, J., Stopiński, M., Mucha, K., Pac, M., Gołębiowski, M., Niewczas, M. A., & Foroncewicz, B. (2021). Circulating osteoprotegerin in chronic kidney disease and all-cause mortality. International Journal of General Medicine, 2413-2420. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S302251
  56. Rabiei, M., Kashanian, S., Samavati, S. S., Derakhshankhah, H., Jamasb, S., & McInnes, S. J. (2021). Nanotechnology application in drug delivery to osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoporosis (OSP). Journal of drug delivery science and technology, 61, 102011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102011